互花米草入侵对滨海湿地重金属的富集迁移效应

为探究互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）入侵对滨海湿地沉积物重金属的富集迁移效应,为滨海湿地生态保护与合理利用提供依据,在山东省日照市黄家塘湾滨海湿地选取不同互花米草入侵年限的斑块,以5 cm为间隔采集0～30 cm沉积物样品和互花米草样品,分析沉积物和互花米草不同部位中重金属元素Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的含量,并采用地累积指数法、潜在生态风险评价法、生物富集系数及转运系数等方法进行评价。结果表明：湿地沉积物重金属Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd 的含量范围为5.94～31.94 mg(kg^-1,18.59～56.87 mg(kg^-1,4.76～30.36 mg(kg^-1,0.021～0.083 mg(kg^-1,整体低于研究区域重金属环境背景值;但Cu、Pb在0～15 cm内存在轻度污染;与光滩湿地相比,互花米草入侵湿地沉积物中重金属含量增加,且随互花米草入侵年限增加,沉积物重金属含量呈增加趋势,在上层（0～15 cm）表现尤为显著;互花米草不同部位对重金属的累积存在一定差异,大致表现根>叶>茎;不同重金属在根部的富集效应表现为Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb,互花米草对重金属转运效应为Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd。相关分析表明,沉积物中重金属的累积与互花米草入侵对湿地沉积物粒度组成、有机质含量及pH的改变密切相关。不同重金属在沉积物-植物体系的迁移转运差异则主要与互花米草各部位对重金属元素的吸收差异有关。     

湖北铜绿山铜矿区土壤铜污染状况及优势植物对铜的吸收

矿区重金属污染十分严重,寻找并筛选适合当地生长的优势植物成为推广矿区植物修复技术的前提。铜绿山矿区土壤重金属铜含量高,在矿区发现4种优势植物。通过测定植物根际土壤及植物各器官铜含量,得出在此4种植物对铜的积累与迁移特点,评估其在矿区土地恢复与植被重建方面的作用与价值。     

镉对苗期高羊茅的形态和生理影响

以20份高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)品种为试验材料,通过测量其形态指标,运用标准差系数赋予权重法,对其进行综合评价。结果筛选出耐镉性较强的高羊茅材料M15和M8,分别采自美国的猎狗5和荷兰的巴弗斯;耐镉性较差的高羊茅材料M5和M11,分别采自荷兰的米斯特拉尔和来自日本的法恩。在此基础上,采用分光光度法,测定了这4份材料的生理指标,过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、叶绿素和脯氨酸(Pro)含量的变化,进一步研究了他们的生理反应。结果表明,随着镉浓度的升高,耐镉性较强的高羊茅材料猎狗5与和巴弗斯POD和CAT含量一直呈上升趋势,而耐镉性较差的材料米斯特拉尔和法恩POD和CAT含量则呈现先升后降的趋势。随着镉浓度的升高,不同材料的叶绿素含量呈下降趋势,不同材料的脯氨酸含量则呈不断上升趋势。     

Towards a Pan‐European Assessment of Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion

Understanding spatial and temporal patterns in land susceptibility to wind erosion is essential to design effective management strategies to control land degradation. The knowledge about the land surface susceptible to wind erosion in European contexts shows significant gaps. The lack of researches, particularly at the landscape to regional scales, prevents national and European institutions from taking actions aimed at an effective mitigating of land degradation. This study provides a preliminary pan‐European assessment that delineates the spatial patterns of land susceptibility to wind erosion and lays the groundwork for future modelling activities. An Index of Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion (ILSWE) was created by combining spatiotemporal variations of the most influential wind erosion factors (i.e. climatic erosivity, soil erodibility, vegetation cover and landscape roughness). The sensitivity of each input factor was ranked according to fuzzy logic techniques. State‐of‐the‐art findings within the literature on soil erodibility and land susceptibility were used to evaluate the outcomes of the proposed modelling activity. Results show that the approach is suitable for integrating wind erosion information and environmental factors. Within the 34 European countries under investigation, moderate and high levels of land susceptibility to wind erosion were predicted, ranging from 25·8 to 13·0 M ha, respectively (corresponding to 5·3 and 2·9% of total area). New insights into the geography of wind erosion susceptibility in Europe were obtained and provide a solid basis for further investigations into the spatial variability and susceptibility of land to wind erosion across Europe. © 2014 The Authors. Land Degradation and Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

森林重泡沫施用技术的研究

本文描述了在林缘草地施用森林重泡沫灭火剂技术，同时介绍了森林重泡沫灭火剂的质量问题，该剂的特点是稳定性好，抗风力强，并一具有良好的附着力，渗透性和抗烧性。     

Promoting effect of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A heavy chain on neuritogenesis in cultured Neuro-2a cells

AIM: To observe the neuritogenic actions of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A heavy chain (BoNT/A HC) on cultured Neuro-2a cells and to investigate the related signaling mechanisms for the effect of BoNT/A HC. METHODS: Neuro-2a cells were treated with different doses of BoNT/A HC (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 nmol/L), and then the cells were harvested at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h of BoNT/A HC exposure for detecting the neurite length and the percen-tage of the cells with neuronal processes by immunofluorescence staining. The most efficient dose of BoNT/A HC was chosen for exposure to Neuro-2a cells as the above. Whole cell protein was harvested at different time points for detecting the protein levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) by Western blot. RESULTS: Low doses of BoNT/A HC stimulated the neurite outgrowth, and increased the percentage of the cells with neurites compared with the negative controls (P<0.05), especially in the group with 1 nmol/L of BoNT/A HC treatment. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt was increased after treated with BoNT/A HC. There was an increasing tendency for the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 after the exposure of the cells to BoNT/A HC. The obvious increase in p-ERK1/2 was seen from 60 min to 5 h with 1 nmol/L of BoNT/A HC treatment (P< 0.05), and the increased protein level of p-Akt was mainly observed at 15 min and 60 min (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: BoNT/A HC stimulates the neuritogenesis. The neuritogenic mechanism of BoNT/A HC on Neuro-2a cells might be realized by activation of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt.     

Studies on Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil—Plant System：A Review

Heavy metal pollution in soil-plant system is of major environmental concern on a world scale and in China in particular with the rapid development of industry.The heavy metal pollution status in soil-plant system in China,the research progress on the bioavailability of heavy metals (effecting factors,extraction methods,free-ion activity model,adsorption model,multivariate regression model,Q-I relationship,and compound pollution),and soil remediation are reviewed in paper.Future research and monitoring is also discussed.     

近30年新疆降水量及雨日的变化特征分析

利用新疆1971-2006年98个气象站的逐日降水资料,研究了新疆年和四季降水量及雨日的气候变化特征。结果表明：新疆多年平均年降水量及雨日的空间分布均为北疆大于南疆,山区大于平原,二者长期变化的空间分布相似程度较低,有些地区甚至完全相反。南疆大部地区降水量的增加主要是由于雨日增加而造成的;北疆大部地区降水量的增加主要是...     

天津郊区农田降雨径流重金属的污染特征及来源分析

降雨条件下形成的农田径流是土壤与水体间物质交换的一种重要形式,是农业非点源污染的重要组成部分.2007-2008年,在强降雨条件下,定点采集了天津市郊农田降雨径流样品64个,并对其重金属含量进行了分析测定.结果显示:研究区农田降雨径流中Cr、Ni、Cd、Zn等4项重金属含量服从对数正态分布,Cu、As、Pb为偏态分布....     

干旱区绿洲土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni复合污染对芹菜的影响及其富集迁移规律

通过盆栽试验和室内分析初步研究了干旱区绿洲土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni复合污染对芹菜生长的影响及重金属在芹菜体内的富集迁移规律。结果表明:随着外源重金属添加量的增加,芹菜的生长受到明显抑制。根据多元回归分析和偏相关分析,芹菜地上部和根部吸收Pb量分别与外源添加Pb、Zn、Ni量和Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni量达到极显著相关,其中土壤Zn含量的增加极显著的降低了芹菜地上部和根部对Pb的吸收。芹菜地上部及根部对Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni四种元素的富集系数大小顺序均为:Cd>Zn>Ni>Pb,且根部对四种重金属元素的富集能力显著大于地上部。Cd在芹菜中的平均迁移能力最强,Zn、Ni次之,Pb的迁移能力最弱。